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Motherboard Notes

Motherboard Notes

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Type of Motherboard	Description
AT	* Oldest type of Motherboard, still used in some systems * Uses P8 and P9 power connectors * Measures 30.5 cm x 33 cm (12 inches x 13 inches
Baby AT	* Smaller version of AT * Uses P8 and P9 power connectors * Measures 33 cm x 22 cm (13 inches x 8.7 inches
ATX	* Developed by Intel for Pentium systems * Has a more conveniently accessible layout than AT boards * Includes a power on switch that can be software-enabled and extra power connection for extra fans * Use a single P1 connector * Measures 30.5 cm x 24.4 cm (12 inches x 9.6 inches)
Mini ATX	* An ATX board with a more compact design * Measures 28.4 cm x 20.8 cm (11.2 inches x 8.2 inches)
BTX	Recently released new form factors include: * BTX has up to 7 expansion slots and can be up to 325.12 wide * MicroBTX has up to 4 expansion slots and can be up to 264.16 mm wide * PicoBTX has none or one expansion slot and can be up to 103.20 mm wide

Processor	Latest Processor Speeds (MHz or GHz)	Primary L1 Cache	Secondary L2 Cache	System Bus Speeds (MHz)
Classic Pentium	60 to 200 MHz	16K	none	66
Pentium MMX	133 to 266 MHz	32K	none	66
Pentium Pro	150 to 200 MHz	16K	256K to 1 MB	60, 66
Pentium II	233 to 450 MHz	32K	256K, 512K	66, 100
Celeron	850 MHz to 2.9 GHz	32K or Execution Trace Cache (ETC)	128K or 256K Advanced Transfer Cache (ATC)	Up to 533
Pentium II Xeon	400 or 500 MHz	32K	512K, 1 MB, or 2 MB	100
Pentium III	450 to 1.33 GHz	32K	512K unified , non-blocking cache or 256K ATC	100, 133
Pentium III Xeon	600 MHz to 1 GHz	32K	256K, 1 MB, or 2 MB ATC	100 or 133
Xeon MP	1.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz	ETC	L2: 256K, 512K, or 1 MB L3 512K, 1 MB, 2 MB, or 4 MB	400, 533, 800
Xeon	1.8 GHz to 3.2 GHz	ETC	512K or 1 MB ATC	400, 533, 800
Pentium 4	1.4 GHz to 2.8 GHz	ETC	256K, 512K, or 1 MB ATC	200,533
Pentium $ with HT Technology	2.4 GHz to 3.8 GHz	ETC	512K to 1 MB	800
Pentium 4 Extreme Edition with HT	3.2 GHz to 3.46 GHz	ETC	512K L2 and 2 MB L3	800, 1066

Processor	Latest Clock Speeds (MHz or GHz)	Compares to	System Bus speed (MHz)	Package Type	Socket or Slot
AMD-K6-2	166 to 475 MHz	Pentium II, Celeron	66, 95, 100	CPGA	Socket 7 or Super Socket 7
AMD-K6-III	350 to 450 MHz	Pentium II	100	CPGA	Super Socket 7
Duron	1 GHz to 1.3 GHz	Celeron	200	CPGA or OPGA	Socket A
Athlon	Up to 1.9 GHz	Pentium III	200	card	Slot A
Athlon Model 4	Up to 1.4 GHz	Pentium III	266	CPGA	Socket A
Athlon MP	1.4 GHz to 2.1 GHz	Pentium III	200 to 400+	OPGA	Socket A
Athlon XP	Up to 2.2 GHz	Pentium 4	266, 333, 400	OPGA	Socket A
Sempron	Up to 2.0 GHz	Celeron	333	754 pins	Socket A

Processor	Latest Clock Speeds (MHz or GHz)	Compares to	System Bus speed (MHz)	Socket or Slot
Cyrix M II	300, 333, 350	Pentium II, Celeron	66, 75, 83, 95, 100	Socket 7
Cyrix III	433to 533	Celeron, Pentium III	66, 100, 133	Socket 370
VIA C3	Up to 1.4 GHz	Celeron	100, 133, 200	Socket 370

Processor	Current Processor Speeds	L1 Cache	L2 Cache	L3 Cache	System Bus Speed
Itanium	733 and 800 MHz	32K	96K	2 MB or 4 MB	266 MHz
Itanium 2	900 MHz to 1.6 MHz	32K	256K	1.5 MB to 9MB	400 or 500 MHz

• The Opteron is a 64-bit processor designed for servers. It runs at up to 2.0 GHz, uses a 244 MHz system bus, and is housed in a 940-pin ceramic micro pin grid array (µPGA) package, which uses Socket 940.
• The Athlon 64 runs up to 2.2 GHz and can us up to a 2000 MHz system bus. It is housed in a 754-pin or 93-0in organic micro PGA (OµPGA) package and uses Socket 754 or Socket 939.
• The Athlon 64 FX runs at up to 3.6 GHz and can use up to a 1.0 GHz system bus. It is housed in a 940-pin or 939-pin organic micro PGA (OµPGA) package
• The Mobile AMD Athlon 64 is a low voltage processor designed for notebooks. It uses Socket 754 and can run on a 1600 MHz system bus.

CPU packages

• SECC (Single Edge Contact Cartridge)
• SECC2
• SEP (Single Edge Processor)
• PPGA (Plastic Pin Grid Array)
• PGA (Pin Grid Array)
• OOI/OLGA (Organic Land Grid Array)
• FC-PGA (Flip Chip Pin Grid Array)
• FC-PGA2
• PAC (Pin Array Cartridge)
• CPGA (Ceramic Pin Grid Array
• OPGA (Organic Pin Grid Array)
• µPGA (Micro Pin Grid Array)
• FC-LGA, FC-LGA2 FC-LGA4, mPGA478, PPGA INT3 and PPGA INT 2

Connector Name	Used by CPU	Number of Pins	Voltage
Socket 4	Classic Pentium 60/66	273, 21 x 21 PGA grid	5 V
Socket 5	Classic Pentium 75/90/100/120/133	320 pins 37 x 37 SPGA grid	3.3 V
Socket 7	Pentium MMX, Fast Classic Pentium, AMD KS, AMD KS, Cyrix M	321 pins 37 x 37 SPGA grid	2.5 V to 3.3 V
Super Socket 7	AMD KS-2, AMD KS-III	321 pins 37 x 37 SPGA grid	2.5 V to 3.3 V
Socket 8	Pentium Pro	387 pins 24 x 26 SPGA grid	3.3 V
Socket 370 or PGA370 Socket	Pentium III FC-PGA, Celeron PPGA, Cyrix III	370 pins in a 37 x 37 SPGA grid	1.5 V or 2 V
Slot 1 or SC242	Pentium II, Pentium III	242 pins in 2 rows, rectangular shape	2.8 V and 3.3 V
Slot A	AMD Athlon	242 pins in 2 rows in rectangular shape	1.3 V to 2.05 V
Socket A or Socket 462	AMD Athlon and Duron	462 pins, SPGA grid, rectangular shape	1.5 V to 1.85 V
Slot 2 or SC320	Pentium II Xeon, Pentium III Xeon	333 pins in 2 rows, rectangular shape	1.5 V to 3.5 V
Socket 423	Pentium 4	423 pins 39 x 29 SPGA grid	1.7 V and 1.75 V
Socket 478	Pentium 4	478 pins in a dense micro PGA (mPGA)	1.7 V and 1.75 V
Socket PAC418	Itanium	418 pins	3.3 V
PAC611	Itanium 2	611 pins	3.3 V
Socket 603	Xeon DP and MP	603 pins	1.5 and 1.7 V
Socket LGA775	Pentium 4, Celeron	775 lands, not pins	1.5 to 1.6 volts
Sockets 754 and 939	Athlon 64	754 or 939 pins	N/A

LIF- low insertion force

ZIF- zero insertion force

Common Name	Model number	Processor supported	System Bus Speed Supported	Memory Supported
"E" chip set family	E8870	Up to four Itanium 2 processors	400 MHz	Up to 128 GB on DDR DIMMs
	E7500, E7501, E7505	Dual Xeon processors	400 MHz or 533 MHz	Up to 16 GB on DDR DIMMs
	E7205	Pentium 4	533 MHz or 400 MHz	Up to 4 GB on DDR DIMMs
I900 Express Series	925E	Pentium 4	800 MHz, 1066 MHz	Up to 4 GB on DDR2 DIMMs
	925X	Pentium 4, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition	800 MHz	Up to 4 GB on DDR2 DIMMs
	925P, 915G, 915GV	Pentium 4	800 MHz , 533 MHz	Up to 4 GB on DDR2 DIMMs
	910GL	Pentium 4, Celeron, Celeron D	533 MHz	Up to 2 GB on DDR2 DIMMs
1800 Series	875P	Pentium 4	800 MHz or 533 MHz	Up to 4 GB on DDR DIMMs
	865G or 865PE	Pentium 4	800 MHz, 533 MHz or 400 MHz	Up to 4 GB on DDR DIMMs
	865P	Pentium 4	533 MHz or 400 MHz	Up to 4 GB on DDR DIMMs
	860	Dual Xeon processor	400 MHz	Up to 4 GB of memory on up to 8 RIMMs
	850, 850E	Pentium 4 or Celeron	400 MHz or 533 MHz	Up to 2 GB of memory on up to 4 RIMMs
	845PE, 845GE, 845E, 845G, 845V	Pentium 4 or Celeron	400 MHz or 533 MHz	Up to 2 GB on DDR DIMMs or SDR DIMMs
	815, 815E, or 815EP	Celeron or Pentium III	133 MHz, 100 MHz, or 66MHz	Up to 512 MB of SDRAM DIMMs
Orion	460GX	Up to four Itanium 2 processors	400 MHz	Up to 128 GB of DDR SDRAM DIMMs

Bus	Bus Type	Data path in bits	Address Lines	Bus speed in MHz	Throughput
System bus	local	64	32	800, 533, 400, 133…	Up to 3.2 GB/sec
PCI express	local	1, 4, 8, 16 lines	1, 4, 8, or 16 lanes	2.5 GHz 40 GHz	312 MB/sec to 6.4 MB/sec
PCI-X	Local I/O	64	32	133	1.06 GB/sec
AGP	Local video	32	N/A	66, 75, 100…	Up to 528 MB/sec
PCI	Local I/O	32	32	33, 66	Up to 250 MB/sec
VESA or VL bus	Local video or expansion	32	32	Up to 33	Up to 250 MB/sec
FireWire	Local I/O or expansion	1	Addresses are sent serially	N/A	Up to 3.2 Gb/sec (gigabits)
MCA	Expansion	32	32	12	Up to 40 MB/sec
EISA	Expansion	32	32	12	Up to 32 MB/sec
16-bit ISA	Expansion	16	24	8.33	8 MB/sec
8-bit ISA	Expansion	8	20	4.77	1MB/sec
USB	expansion	1	Addresses are sent serially	3	Up to 480 Mbps (megabits)

BIOS	Key to Press During POST to Access Setup
AMI BIOS	Del
Award Bios	del
Older Phoenix BIOS	Ctrl+Alt+Esc or Ctrl+Alt+s
Newer Phoenix BIOS	F2 or F1
Dell computer using Phoenix BIOS	Ctrl+Alt+Enter
Older Compaq computers such as the Deskpro 286 or 386	Place the diagnostics disk in the disk drive, reboot your system, and choose Computer setup from the menu
Newer Compaq computer such as the Prolinea, Deskpro, Deskpro XL, Deskpro XE, or Presario	Press the F10 key while the cursor is in the upper-right corner of the screen, which happens just after the two beeps during booting*
All other older computers	Use a setup program on the disk that came with the PC

* For Compaq computers, the CMOS setup program is stored on the hard drive in a small, non-DOS partition of about 3 MB. If this partition becomes corrupted, you must run setup from a bootable CD or floppy disk that comes with the system. If you can not run setup by pressing F10 at startup, suspect a damaged partition or a virus taking up space in conventional memory.